ʻIke kūpuna
The bones live
Ola Na Iwi (Olelo No`eau pg 272: 2488)
Said of our ancestors who came before us and surround us with their presence daily.
Our Waikalua Loko I’a is place where one can kilo, a`o, malama, and maha. This community classroom, is built on iwi of our kupuna, who have laid the foundation to our present future embracing 21st century knowledge.
Mahalo e na Kupuna!
Unit 1 | E Komo
WelcomePreparing for Your Visit to the Fishpond
Unit 2 | Nā Loko Iʻa ma ka Ahupuaʻa
Fishponds of the AhupuaʻaIn this unit, you will learn more about the different types of loko iʻa found in ahupuaʻa of Hawaiʻi, why they are an important habitat and what they can teach us about how our kupuna thrived.
Unit 3 | E Ola i ka Loko
Life in a FishpondIn this unit, you will learn about the plants and animals that live in a fishpond and how they depend on each other to survive.
Unit 4 | Nā Mea Kanu
Plants of Waikalua Loko ʻIaReview these lessons to learn about the different types of plants found around Waikalua fishpond. These plants include both native and invasive species.
Unit 5 |I ka mā wa hope
Looking to the FutureReview these lessons to learn how humans have impacted the ‘āina over the years. Also, you will discover different ways to care for and connect this special place.
History
In the days of old Hawai’i, this ahupua’a flourished with productive lo’i kalo (taro patches) fed by the waters of Kawa and Kāne’ohe streams.
The waters flowed from the streams through ‘auwai (ditches) into the loʻi and into the loko I’a (fishponds). At Waikalua Loko today we discover the ingenuity of Hawaiians who engineered these extensive irrigation and aquaculture systems.
Waikalua Loko Fishpond is a loko kuapā—a type of fishpond that is unique to these Islands.* The fishpond we see today is very different from the pond that was constructed by Hawaiians approximately 350 years ago. The original pond received fresh water from both Kāneʻohe and Kawa streams. Grates once controlled the flow of water from these streams into the pond so that pond managers could control the salinity of the water. The original locations of the mākāhā (sluice grates) on the makai side and the dimensions of the pond walls are not known, but more research could probably shed light on this information.
1650 | Estimated date of original construction by Hawaiians. (Eugene Dashiell et al, 1995) | |
1887 | The pond has extensive lo’i kalo mauka and a small interior pond where mullet fry were probably grown. | |
1900 | The pond’s area of 13.4 acres was in full commercial operation. Today the pond is 11.6 acres). | |
1926 | There was a large break in the makai pond wall. | |
1930 | The pond walls (mākāhā) were constructed of reinforced concrete, with stone faces filled with cobbles and coral, and with three openings. The 9 to 12 feet wide wall may have been widened for access by equipment. | |
1940-1950 | Water quality and the marine environment have been impacted by human activities. More than 11 million cubic yards of coral was dredged in Kāne’ohe Bay and sugar and pineapple cultivation led to extensive soil erosion and siltation of the bay. A sewage outfall was constructed near Waikalua Loko. |
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1967 | An aerial photo shows a channelized Kawa Stream that flows directly into the bay. Today the mouth of this stream is covered in silt and mangrove. This same photo shows a ditch next to the pond and the sewage treatment plant that appears to connect both streams. Ongoing development in the uplands of the Kāne’ohe ahupua’a created serious soil erosion into the bay. Introduced mangrove plants became a major management challenge at the pond. Mr. Koyama, the pond operator in the 1960s, reported a mullet harvest of 100 pounds per month (not a commercially viable yield). | |
1970 | Pond operation stopped. Flood control efforts led to channelization of Kāne’ohe Stream, which was dammed at Ho’omaluhia Park. Portions of Kawa Stream were lined with concrete and the stream was further channelized. Sewage discharge to Kāne’ohe Bay was stopped and diverted to Mōkapu Point. | |
1995 | The Waikalua Loko Fishpond Preservation Society was formed to help mālama the pond for use as an educational site. | |
1998 | Castle High School Science Teacher, Sheila Cyboron, brings first group of students (grade 11 and 12) to study science in the context of the fishpond;The transformation in student motivation and learning inspires a new level of culture-based curriculum development. | |
2000 | WLFPS partners with the Pacific American Foundation (PAF), the Hawaii Department of Education and and the University of Hawaii Sea Grant program and receives its first major curriculum development grant award from the U. S. Department of Education entitled “Kāhea Loko, the Call of the pond.” | |
2003 | Kāhea Loko program is welcomed by teachers; statewide workshops are scheduled and over 330 teachers sign up for training in the standards-based curriculum. | |
2004 | Pacific American Foundation, the Society, the Hawaii DOE partner again and receive its second major grant award called “Aloha ‘Āina.” It focuses on the Kāne’ohe ahupua’a (mountain to the sea). | |
2007 | Aloha ‘Āina is also a very welcome addition to schools’ curricula and the project trains nearly 380 teachers; both Kāhea Loko and Aloha ‘Āina receive a “Partners in Education” award from the Hawaii Department of Education. | |
2009 | In partnership with the University of Hawaii at Windward and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, the Society and PAF, the U. S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) awards the group a grant to purchase the Waikalua Loko Fishpond and grant title to PAF. | |
2011 | The Historic Hawai’i Foundation selects the Waikalua Loko Fishpond and the Society with its highest honor for exemplary preservation of a cultural resource. | |
2013 | PAF acquires Waikalua Loko (17 plus acres) from current landowner utilizing HUD funds. First ancient Hawaiian fishpond to return to Hawaiian hands since the great mahele in 1848. | |
2014 | PAF receives another major award from the U.S. Department of Education under the Native Hawaiian Education Act called “Kulia” that focus on students grade 7 -12 on the Windward Side of Oahu to pursue studies and career opportunities in natural resources management, marine science and conservation; PAF becomes ‘Hub” partner with NOAA, EPA, HIMB, University of Hawaii Windward and the Smithsonian Institute to accelerate collective impact. | |
2015 | PAF Hawaii Inc. is created to maximize benefits and support from State and Local governments as a long-term sustainable strategy to continue education, cultural preservation and environment stewardship of site and surrounding areas. | |
Today | Since 2000, over 4,000 teachers have been trained in the various curricula developed by PAF (see Ulukau.org; Search: Hawaiian curriculum materials) Approximately 5,000 students, families and community members visit the pond every year to learn about this special place. Community members regularly come to care for the pond (Lā Hana) –to remove invasive mangrove, seaweed, pick up marine debris, and repair walls.
The work of students, community groups, and the Waikalua Loko Fishpond Preservation Society has breathed new life back into Waikalua Loko. As each stone is put back on the wall and each native plant takes root, we build the foundation for a healthier future that honors the rich cultural and natural heritage of the Kāne’ohe ahupua’a. |
Na Oli (Chants)
E Hō Mai
Composed by: Edith Kekuhikuhipu’uoneo’naali’iokohal
E hō mai ka ‘ike mai luna mai e
O nā mea huna no`eau no nā mele e
E hō mai
E hō mai
E hō mai
Grant us the knowledge from above
Concerning the hidden wisdom of songs,
Grant,
Grant,
Grant us these things
Kumu hula master and Hawaiian cultural and language expert, Edith K. Kanāka`ole (affectionately known as Aunty Edith), composed this oli (chant) for her hula troupe, Hālau O Kekuhi. The chant was originally performed by students at the beginning of class to request knowledge and wisdom from the ancestral deities to accomplish the task at hand.
Today, this oli is commonly used at the start of an event or small gathering to focus a group’s energies and ultimately carry out the kuleana (responsibility) they have undertaken. It is recommended that haumāna (students) use this chant to help them seek knowledge and clear their minds of any negativity.
Ola i ka Hā
Composed by: Frank Kawaikapuokalani Hewett
Ola i ka hā
Ola i ka wai
Ola i ka `I
Hāwai`ī, Hāwai`ī, Hāwai`ī
Wākea ka lani
Papa ka hōnua
No ka lunā, ko lunā
No ka lalo, ko lalo
O ka pono no ia e
E ola kākou a mau loa e
There is life in the breath (hā – Hāloa/kalo)
There is life in the waters (Kāneikawaiola – god of creation)
There is life in the supreme (Kumulipo chant of
Kalaninui`īamamao)
Hā – wai – `ī (reflecting the genealogies of creation of
Hāwai`i, God, the environment and humankind)
Wākea of the heavens
Papa of the earth
For up belonging up
For down belonging down
It is the “Natural Order”, May we live forever
Ola i ka hā
The first line is a reflection of the legend of the origin of the kalo, the child of Wākea and Ho`ohōkükalani who soon after birth expired. This child was buried near their home and from his body grew forth the kalo plant. A second son was born to Wākea and Ho`ohōkükalani and he became the father of the human race. Like his elder brother, he was also named Hāloa with the epithet nakalaukapalili added to his name. The first birth of the first Hāloa established the tradition of the senior line in the Hawaiian tradition, and the birth of the second Hāloa established the tradition of the junior line subservient to the senior line, humankind as custodians to the gods who manifest in nature/environment. The word hā used in the first line is a reflection of the names Hāloa and Hāloanakalaukapalili.
Ola i ka wai
The second line is a reflection of the god, Kāne, the god of creation. Kāne has many forms, which include the water, the sunlight, and the rainbow. Kāne is the giver of life and not the taker of life, therefore no human sacrifices were offered to him. He is at the zenith in the pantheon of gods and the other gods are said to be lesser manifestations of him. Kāne worship incorporated shrines with sacred upright stones where prayers and offerings were left.
In order for the kalo to grow tall and strong it needs both water and sunlight, both manifestations as mentioned earlier of the god, Kāne. An ancient proverb states, “Pü`ali`ali kalo i ka wai `ole,” without water the kalo grows misshapen or crooked. Kāne in the form of water not only provides sustenance for good healthy growth of the kalo but also provides sustenance – the same for mankind.The word “wai,” in the second line, is a reflection of the god, Kāneikawaiola – the god of the living or healing waters.
Ola i ka ‘ī
The third line is a reflection of the Kumulipo chant used as a prayer when chief Lonoikamakahiki was dedicated to the gods soon after birth. The honors of Kapu, Wela, Hoano and Moe were conferred to him by his father, Keawekekahiali`iokamoku, King of Hawaiʻi. After the ceremony his name was changed to Ka-`ī-`i-mamao. The third line also reflects the name of ʻīo, the tradition of one supreme deity connected to the worship of the `io (hawk) and the pueo (owl).
Hāwai`ī, Hāwai`ī, Hāwai`ī
The fourth line connects the three components, the hā, the wai and the ʻī in the name Hāwai`ī;the breath or the air that we breathe, the water that we drink and god/goddess most superior. Air and water sustain life created through the god. Aunty Emma deFries explained that island names that end with (ʻi) such as Hāwai`i, Mau`i, Moloka`i, Lāna`i and Kaua`i were so named because the ruling chiefs worshipped the supreme god, ʻIo.
`Io was referred to as `ī-o-na-lani-nui-a-mamao (the Supreme most god of the great heavens and beyond.). Aunty Emma asked to always keep this tradition close at heart.
Wākea ka lani, Papa ka hōnua, No ka luna ko luna, No kalalo ko lalo and`O ka pono no ia e
The fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth lines reflect the “natural order” of our gods, environment and people. To everything there is a natural or proper order. There is a beginning and an end, a top and a bottom, a male god and a female counterpart. There is harmony, balance and unity. The gods are at the top of the triad followed by the environment and then humankind. The same order is reflected in the social structure as established in the kapu system, ali`i, kahuna, maka`āinaaā and kauwā along with terms and roles within the `ohana such as küpuna, mākua, ‘ōpio, keiki and kamaiki. From the top to the bottom, all is in its proper place. This is truly our pono. Not as translated as the word, “righteousness,” but the natural order as allotted like mana by the god/goddess.
The tenth line reflects the life, health and healing, which we attribute to our gods. The kalo and the human race were born from Wākea and Ho`ohōkükalani. The life force is in the manifestations of the god Kāne, the sun, the air and the rainbow. All of this is perpetuated by the pono, the natural order, the balance and the unity.
(Mana`o from Frank Kawaikapuokalani Hewett)
Oli Mahalo
Composed by: Kehau Camara—
`U hola `ia ka maka loa la
Pü`ai ke aloha la
Küka`i`ia ka Hāloa la
Pā wehi mai nā lehua
Mai ka ho`oku`i a ka hālāwai la
Mahalo, e nā akua
Mahalo, e nā küpuna la ea
Mahalo, me ke aloha la
Mahalo, me ke aloha la
To spread forth, open up the most fine quality mat
Exchange/share as potluck or aloha
Exchange as greetings (between man and wife and
descendants)
To adorn with the lehua flower
From East to West; sunrise to sunset, we are
discoverers, navigators, take care of our ʻāina
We thank our creators
We thank our ancestors
We thank you with love
We thank you with love
This oli was composed as a greeting of thanks for hospitality, love, generosity and knowledge that is given to us. It also gives thanks to the beauty of the islands and our people. Hāloa is ever-lasting breath. The kalo plant is considered our ancestor that is cherished and preserved. Makaloa is the finest mat woven. It is considered higher quality than lau hala. The message is that it’s important for us to practice being “thankful” every day